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James Bond 007 is a fictional British agent created in 1952 by writer Ian Fleming,
featured in twelve novels, two anthologies, and a film series. After Fleming's death
in 1964, subsequent James Bond novels were written by Kingsley Amis (as Robert Markham),
John Pearson, John Gardner and Raymond Benson. In addition Charlie Higson has begun
to write a series of books detailing the "Young James Bond". In July 2007, it was
announced that Sebastian Faulks has been commissioned to write a Bond novel for publication
in 2008. Moreover, Christopher Wood novelised two screenplays, while other writers
have authored unofficial versions of the secret-
Initially famed through the best-
Ian Fleming's creation and inspiration
Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR is an agent of the British Secret Intelligence Service
(SIS) (more commonly, MI6). He was created in January 1952 by British journalist
Ian Fleming while on holiday at his Jamaican estate, Goldeneye. The hero, James Bond,
was named after an American ornithologist, a Caribbean bird expert and author of
the definitive field guide book Birds of the West Indies. Fleming, a keen birdwatcher,
had a copy of Bond's field guide at Goldeneye. Of the name, Fleming once said in
a Reader's Digest interview, "I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-
Nevertheless, news sources speculated about real spies or other covert agents after whom James Bond might have been named. Although they are similar to Bond, Fleming confirmed none as the source figure, nor did Ian Fleming Publications nor any of Fleming's biographers, such as John Pearson or Andrew Lycett.
James Bond's parents are Andrew Bond, a Scotsman, and Monique Delacroix, from Canton de Vaud, Switzerland. Their nationalities were established in On Her Majesty's Secret Service. Fleming emphasized Bond's Scottish heritage in admiration of Sean Connery's cinematic portrayal, whereas Bond's mother is named after a Swiss fiancée of Fleming's. A planned, but unwritten, novel would have portrayed Bond's mother as a Scot. Ian Fleming was a member of a prominent Scottish banking family. In his fictional biography of secret agent 007, John Pearson gave Bond's birth date as 11 November (Armistice Day) 1920; however, there is no evidence of it in Fleming's novels. In the novel On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Bond's family motto is found to be "Orbis non sufficit" ("The world is not enough"). The novel also states that the family that used this motto may not necessarily be the same Bond family James Bond came from
After completing the manuscript for Casino Royale, Fleming allowed his friend, later his editor, poet William Plomer to read it. Plomer liked it and submitted it to Jonathan Cape, who did not like it as much. Cape finally published it in 1953 on the recommendation of Fleming's older brother Peter, an established travel writer.
Most researchers agree that James Bond is a romanticized version of Ian Fleming,
himself a jet-
Fleming did admit to being partly inspired by his service in the Naval Intelligence Division of the Admiralty, most notably an incident depicted in Casino Royale, when Fleming and Naval Intelligence Director Admiral Godfrey went on a mission to Lisbon en route to the United States during World War II. At the Estoril Casino, which harboured spies of warring regimes due to Portugal's neutrality, Fleming was 'cleaned out' by a "chief German agent" in a game of Chemin de Fer. Admiral Godfrey's account differs in that Fleming played Portuguese businessmen, whom Fleming fantasized as German agents he defeated at cards. Moreover, references to "Red Indians" in Casino Royale (four times; twice in the final page) are to his own 30 Assault Unit.
In February 1952, Ian Fleming began writing his first James Bond novel. At the time,
Fleming was the foreign manager for Kemsley Newspapers, owners of The Daily Express
in London. Upon accepting the job, Fleming asked for two months yearly vacation in
his contract—time spent writing in Jamaica. Between 1953 and his death in 1964, Fleming
published twelve novels and one short-
From 1962 through 2006, six actors have portrayed James Bond in "official" films:
Sean Connery (1962–1967; 1971)
George Lazenby (1969)
Roger Moore (1973–1985)
Timothy Dalton (1987–1989)
Pierce Brosnan (1995–2002)
Daniel Craig (2006–present)
While according to James Bond: The Secret World of 007 Bond is 6' 1" (1.85 m) , only two of the actors who have played him are that height. The others range from 5' 11" (1.80 m)(Daniel Craig) to 6' 2 1/2" (1.89 m)(George Lazenby).
In the late 1950s, EON Productions guaranteed the film adaptation rights for every
007 novel except for Casino Royale (those rights were recovered in 1999). In 1962,
the first adaptation was made with Dr. No, which starred Sean Connery as 007. Connery
starred in 4 more films after his initial portrayal, and was followed by George Lazenby
(for 1 film). Connery then returned to the role for one more film, after which he
was succeeded by Roger Moore (for 7 films), Timothy Dalton (for 2 films), Pierce
Brosnan (for 4 films) and Daniel Craig (currently 1 film). As of 2007, there have
been 21 films. The twenty-
The twenty-
Franchise Count Title Year James Bond Total Box Office Budget Inflation Adjusted
Total Box Office**
1 Dr. No 1962 Sean Connery
2 From Russia with Love 1963
3 Goldfinger 1964
4 Thunderball 1965
5 You Only Live Twice 1967
6 On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1969 George Lazenby
7 Diamonds Are Forever 1971 Sean Connery
8 Live and Let Die 1973 Roger Moore
9 The Man with the Golden Gun 1974
10 The Spy Who Loved Me 1977
11 Moonraker 1979
12 For Your Eyes Only 1981
13 Octopussy 1983
14 A View to a Kill 1985
15 The Living Daylights 1987 Timothy Dalton
16 Licence to Kill 1989
17 GoldenEye 1995 Pierce Brosnan
18 Tomorrow Never Dies 1997
19 The World Is Not Enough 1999
20 Die Another Day 2002
21 Casino Royale* 2006 Daniel Craig
22. Quantum of Solace 2008 Daniel Craig.
In 1967, Casino Royale was made as a Bond film starring David Niven as Sir James Bond 007. David Niven, had, in fact, been Ian Fleming's preference for the part of James Bond.. EON Productions, however, chose Sean Connery. But in 1967, he starred with Deborah Kerr and Barbara Bouchet in the James Bond satire, Casino Royale. David Niven is the only James Bond actor who is mentioned by name in the text of one of Fleming's James Bond novels. In On Her Majesty's Secret Service, Bond visits an exclusive ski resort and is told that David Niven is a frequent visitor.
A legal loophole allowed Kevin McClory to remake Thunderball in 1983. Sean Connery
returned as 007 in Never Say Never Again. The film is not considered an "official"
James Bond film because it is not part of the Bond film franchise from EON Productions
and United Artists, even though it is currently owned by United Artists parent MGM,
and its original theatrical run in Fall of 1983 actually created a situation in which
two Bond movies were playing in theaters at the same time, as "official" EON Bond
film Octopussy was still in playing theaters. Since then, MGM has bought the name
"James Bond" so future non-
James Bond has long been a household name and remains a huge influence within the spy genre. The Austin Powers series by writer, producer and comedian Mike Myers, and other parodies such as Johnny English (2003), OK Connery, the "Flint" series starring James Coburn as Derek Flint, the "Matt Helm" movies starring Dean Martin, and Casino Royale (1967) are testaments to Bond's prominence in popular culture.
1960s TV imitations of James Bond such as I Spy, Get Smart, and The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
went on to become popular successes in their own right, the latter having enjoyed
contributions by Fleming towards its creation: the show's lead character, "Napoleon
Solo," was named after a character in Fleming's novel Goldfinger; Fleming also suggested
the character name April Dancer, which was later used in the spin-
Japanese manga and anime super-
The Nickelodeon animated series Doug had a secret agent character named Smash Adams, who was clearly inspired by Bond. The character's theme music even resembled Monty Norman's classic theme for the character. Nickelodeon's sketch comedy series All That once did a James Bond parody called Jimmy Bond.
In The Avengers, some time after the departure of the character Cathy Gale (played by actress Honor Blackman), the character of John Steed (played by Patrick Macnee) receives a Christmas card from her. He comments, "It's from Mrs Gale! I wonder what she's doing in Fort Knox?" – the intended destination for Honor Blackman's Pussy Galore in Goldfinger. In further coincidence, this comment is made to Emma Peel – played by Diana Rigg who would later appear as Tracy Bond in On Her Majesty's Secret Service. Macnee himself, a friend of Roger Moore, would later appear as Sir Godfrey Tibbett in A View to a Kill. Joanna Lumley (Purdey in the late Avengers series) can also be seen in On Her Majesty's Secret Service in a little role with only one or two words.
Similarly, four episodes of the TV series Arrested Development (For British Eyes
Only, Forget-
George Lucas has said on various occasions that Sean Connery's portrayal of Bond was one of the primary inspirations for the Indiana Jones character, a reason Connery was chosen for the role of Indiana's father in the third film of that series.
One issue of the Sonic the Hedgehog Archie comics featured several references to James Bond in a story entitled "The Man from H.E.D.G.E.H.O.G." Among these were: a screen that depicted several of Dr. Robotnik's failed operations, all of which had been thwarted by Sonic the Hedgehog, all named after James Bond movie titles: Moonraker, Dr. No, Thunderball, and Goldfinger; the head of a secret intelligence group known by the alias "Who"; a crate labeled "For Your Eyes Only"; and Sonic making use of one of James Bond's humorous quips "Shocking...positively shocking"
In the Firewall episode of ReBoot (the first totally computer generated television series) the introduction theme song and video is a homage to James Bond.
James Bond 007
James Bond 007 Casino Royal Movie Art Proposal
007 James Bond The World is not Enough Movie Art Teeth
James Bond Roger Moore Octopussy Movie Art Divorce
007 James Bond Die Another Day Movie Art Flirting
James Bond 007 Licence to Kill Movie Art Love Letters
007 Roger Moore For Your Eyes OnlyMovie Art Bad Breath
James Bond Quantum of Solace Daniel Craig Movie Art defence
James Bond From Russia with Love Movie Art Dating.
We all have things in our lives that we want to change. Our relationships. Our finances.
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Top 10 questions to ask your prospective employer in an interview
Use these top 10 questions to learn what you need to know about the job you're interviewing for, and impress the interviewer.
You've landed the job interview, and it's going well. There's that awkward pause as the interviewer runs out of steam. The guy who could be your future boss asks, "Do you have any questions?" This is your chance to find out what you need to know about the job and the company and impress the interviewer with your interesting and thoughtful questions. Here are ten questions to help you find out what you need to know.
So, what should you ask? Here are ten great questions for you to use.
-
Let's look at what you can learn from these questions. In most cases, there's no
right or wrong answer -
-
If the interviewer says he values attention to detail, good writing skills, and the ability to juggle several tasks at once, you've learned a lot about his expectations. You'll also be able to assess if the job is a decent match with your skills.
-
Ok, it's obvious why you would want to ask this. But watch out for a possible problem
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Understand if you're on your own on day one or if there's a plan for getting you up and running successfully.
-
This may not apply to some types of jobs.
-
You're looking for two things here -
-
There should be a clear answer to this. If there isn't, you may be at the whim of an arbitrary boss. Most companies have a process for performance evaluations.
-
If the interviewer can't come up with a couple of things he likes about the company, you may want to learn more before accepting a job offer.
-
Find out about the people you might work with -
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If most people work 7 AM to 3 PM, and you like to roll in at 10 AM, you may have
a mismatch. You may also want to explore how much people work -
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You want to find out if there will be another round of interviews, if you'll hear back by a certain date, and what the hiring process will be.
Doing a job interview is a two-
10 ideas for home-
Looking for unique home business ideas? Read this article for ideas for businesses you can start immediately.
When you think of a home based business, you probably think of providing daycare for children and babies, house cleaning and window washing, bookkeeping and tax preparation, and lawn care. Many people have typical businesses such as these, and they earn a decent living by doing them too.
But if you're considering staring your own business, there are other ideas you can use to earn a decent living too. These are not your typical home business, so you'll have the advantage of being a "one of a kind" business that has little or no competition.
A good place to start is to check around your city and determine what types of products
or services are not provided, but are needed. Here are ten home-
1. Construct Crossword Puzzles-
2. Collect and Sell Nuts-
Then, find a market for them by checking your local yellow pages or the Internet.
3. Collect and Sell Herbs-
4. Provide Genealogy Services-
Basically, all you need to start this business is a home computer, a genealogy software programme, Internet access, and access to court and library records.
5. Provide Errand Services-
6. Compile and Market Cookbooks-
7. Provide Home Inventories -
As you walk through each room, have the owner describe their items as you document them on tape. Then, give them the tape and instruct them to store it in a fireproof safe or lock box.
8. Design and Build Pet Furniture and Toys-
9. Provide Daytime Adult Care-
10. If you have a good quality camera, you can take snapshots of homes and turn them into either postcards or large framed photographs for homeowners. You'll be surprised at how many homeowners will gladly buy your products!
5 ways to identify stress
Some people show their anxiety outwardly, while others are able to repress it from the outside world.
Stress affects everyone in different ways. Some people show their anxiety outwardly, while others are able to repress it from the outside world—for a while at least. While it is true that people have varying thresholds for stress and that it manifests itself differently for each person, there are certain telltale signs of anxiety. Some of these signs are behavioural and some are physical. Here are five of the ways stress typical manifests itself on the human body and soul.
One of the chief indicators of a stressed out person is the inability to make decisions—particularly
trivial ones that normally would not be met with hesitation. Stress attacks a person’s
confidence and assertiveness, and as a result, a normally decisive person may waiver
on choices, insignificant and significant alike. If you find yourself in a store
having a mini-
Another prime indicator of high anxiety is a change in appetite. Usually a stressful situation will result in a loss of appetite; however, some people will seek solace and refuge in food.
Fatigue is another physical symptom of stress. Fatigue can be the result of being spread too thin at work or with personal problems. Insomnia, which can also be the byproduct of stress, will lead to fatigue during the day. The fatigue can be so pervasive that it affects the person both physically and mentally. Mental fatigue is tied in with the inability to make decisions and a person’s vulnerability to talking trivial matters way too seriously.
Changes in your body’s normal functions or appearance are signs of over-
Under great stress a loss of appetite may be accompanied by a loss of humour When
a person is stressed out it can sometimes be difficult for him or her to see the
lightness of an event or appreciate the humour in someone. Anxiety can stymie a person’s
ability to see things in perspective and to distinguish between the serious and non-
How can you combat these stressed-
Keeping a journal of your feelings can be helpful in identifying the stress-
Unless you have decided to take a vacation on a Caribbean island for a week,(which you should do if you can) it is a good idea to stay away from depressants like alcohol when you are stressed. Cracking open a beer after work may seem like a good idea when you are under great pressure but it can have a snowball effect that may send you deeper into your frenzied or depressed mood.
The last, and perhaps most important piece of advice is to get some sleep. Studies
show that stress levels are typically higher people who do not get enough sleep.
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